Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique aimed at enhancing or triggering precipitation by artificially intervening in cloud formations. This process involves dispersing chemical substances such as silver iodide or dry ice into clouds, which help water vapor condense into rain droplets. On Tuesday, May 20, 2025, climate and environmental expert Hamdi Hachad provided insights into this phenomenon and its various applications around the world.
A Global Experiment That Began After World War II
In an interview with Tunisie Numérique, Hachad explained that cloud seeding emerged as a practical technique in the aftermath of World War II. Since then, it has spread to numerous countries facing extreme weather variability. The method works by targeting cumulonimbus clouds using aircraft or rockets to encourage rainfall. Hachad noted that many countries have turned to cloud seeding to bolster water resources, combat drought, or replenish underground aquifers — including Tunisia, which recently carried out a pilot experiment.
Preventive Cloud Seeding in Indonesia: Floods Down by 40%
Hachad also highlighted Indonesia’s experience with preventive cloud seeding. This initiative aimed to reduce the number of rain clouds and mitigate the risk of flooding. The Indonesian government conducted more than 35 seeding missions over the sea before clouds reached land. According to Indonesia’s National Disaster Management Agency, these operations led to a 40% decrease in flood levels in 2023 compared to 2022.
Reducing Pollution and Heat in Beijing and Baghdad
Cloud seeding has also been used for environmental purposes in cities like Beijing and Baghdad. According to Hachad, these cities applied the technique to reduce pollution levels and alleviate extreme heat during peak climate periods.
Failures and Out-of-Control Outcomes
Despite the promises of this technology, Hachad warned that not all cloud seeding experiments have been successful. In India, the attempt failed to produce results, while in the United Arab Emirates, the process triggered unprecedented floods due to a loss of control. He stressed that cloud seeding remains economically costly, and any implementation should be carefully studied for feasibility and impact.
The Tunisian Experience: A Basic Model and Partnership with Indonesia
Regarding Tunisia’s trial, Hachad described it as “basic yet exemplary.” Tunisia partnered with the Indonesian government to develop a cloud seeding program aimed at addressing drought and low rainfall levels. However, he cautioned against placing high hopes on the technique, pointing out that scientific estimates suggest it can only increase precipitation by 5% to 20% under current conditions.
Conclusion: A Tool with Potential, But Not a Miracle Solution
Experts agree that while cloud seeding offers some potential as a supplementary tool in water management and climate adaptation, it is far from a miracle solution. Its effectiveness depends heavily on atmospheric conditions, technical expertise, and long-term environmental assessment. For now, it remains a promising but limited option in the global fight against water scarcity and climate change.
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