In 2023, Tunisia experienced significant developments, impacting both its political and social spheres. The detention of numerous figures, coupled with worsening living conditions and shortages of essential goods, marked the year. The irregular migration crisis emerged as a prominent issue, overshadowing events throughout the year.
Focus on the New Parliament: On February 25, the Independent High Electoral Commission announced the winners of the second round of legislative elections, resulting in a new parliament with 154 deputies. The House of People’s Representatives commenced its activities on March 13, 2023, with Ibrahim Bouderbala elected as President.
Irregular Migrants Crisis: In July, Tunisia entered a memorandum of understanding with the European Union, establishing a strategic partnership to combat irregular migration, with a value of 750 million euros ($840 million).
Thirst and December Breakthrough: Severe water scarcity became a substantial threat after an extended period of minimal rainfall. Measures were executed, including the scheduled distribution of water. The risk of thirst persisted until December when heavy rainfall improved dam filling rates to over 25 percent.
Bread Crisis: August 2023 witnessed long queues for bread, Economic experts attributed the issue to economic difficulties and weak crops due to drought. The head of the bakery owners’ chamber was imprisoned on suspicion of monopoly, speculation, and money laundering.
Arrest of Opponents: On February 11, 2023, several opposition figures were arrested on charges of conspiring against state security, including Ghazi Al-Chaouachi, Issam Al-Shabi, Abdel Hamid Al-Jalasi, Jawhar Ben Mubarak, and Shaima Issa.
Economic and Security Deterioration: In 2023, Tunisia encountered disruptions in fuel, medicines, and basic goods distribution due to fluctuating foreign currency reserves, leading to long queues at gas stations and bakeries.
On the security front, an attack near a Jewish synagogue on the island of Djerba in May 2023 resulted in five casualties. The escape of five extremist elements accused of involvement in assassinations and terrorist attacks from Mornaguia prison raised fears, but security forces successfully apprehended them.
New Prime Minister: President Saied appointed Ahmed Al-Hashani as the new prime minister following the dismissal of Najla Bouden.
Irregular Migration: Irregular migration took centre stage in 2023 as the number of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa to Tunisia increased. Tunisia became a transit area for migrants heading to European coasts, especially Italy. President Kais Saied’s call for urgent measures to halt the flow of irregular African migrants in February 2023 drew criticism for its perceived offence to migrants.
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